In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mostly a result of the deficiency of oxygen in Nb2O5, applied as a raw materials First soften (Czochralski strategy) [186]. Accordingly, based on its production technologies, niobium pentoxide can undertake an array of compositions Nb2O5−x. https://battistay100nbo5.blogdosaga.com/profile